Studies & Surveys
PFAS & Fish Tissue — What Homeowners Should Know
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are often called “forever chemicals” because they persist in the environment and can accumulate in living organisms, including fish.
Although there is not currently a liver-specific PFAS study for Higgins Lake fish, Michigan health officials test fish fillets to inform public consumption guidance. According to the Michigan Eat Safe Fish Guide, rainbow smelt from Higgins Lake contain PFOS (a type of PFAS) at levels that support a recommendation of up to four meals per month.
This indicates that PFAS compounds are detectable in fish tissue, but not at levels that trigger a do-not-eat advisory.
In addition, testing conducted by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) evaluated PFAS concentrations in Higgins Lake water samples. Results of that study are hosted on HLPOA’s website.
Frequently Asked Questions
Has PFAS been found in Higgins Lake fish?
Yes. PFOS (a type of PFAS) has been detected in fish fillets from Higgins Lake, specifically rainbow smelt. Current state guidance allows up to four meals per month for that species. Other species may have different guidance depending on testing results.
What did the EGLE study test?
The EGLE study evaluated Higgins Lake water samples for the presence of PFAS compounds. At the time of testing, PFAS levels in lake water were either non-detectable or below state health-based criteria.
Why talk about fish livers if people eat fillets?
Michigan’s consumption guidelines are based on testing fish fillets (the portion people eat).
However, research across the Great Lakes region shows that PFAS compounds often accumulate at higher concentrations in protein-rich organs such as the liver and kidney. While this does not necessarily change consumption guidance, it helps scientists understand how PFAS move through aquatic ecosystems.
Are PFAS levels in Higgins Lake considered dangerous?
Current testing does not indicate levels requiring a “do not eat” advisory. Higgins Lake remains open for recreational fishing. Consumption recommendations are precautionary and designed to limit long-term exposure.
Why continue monitoring if levels are low?
PFAS compounds:
- Persist in the environment for decades
- Move through groundwater and surface water
- Accumulate in fish over time
Because Higgins Lake supports recreation, fishing, and private well use, periodic monitoring ensures that any changes are detected early.
Why this matters
PFAS monitoring helps protect drinking water, support safe recreational fishing, and maintain Higgins Lake’s long-standing reputation as a high-quality inland lake.
Clean results today do not eliminate the need for vigilance tomorrow. Ongoing monitoring is part of responsible, science-based lake stewardship.